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Enviromental
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As
previously stated, the best approach for Injection Molding
for Electroplating, is for the Designer, Tool Maker and
Electroplater to liase from the concept of the product. It
is also useful for the designers to have a basic guide to
enable them to avoid errors that would subsequently have
adverse effects on the plating quality. |
First, a completely uniform wall thickness is ideal (see
figure 1 below)
but, unfortunately not always possible. Nominal wall thickness
should be in the region of 2.3 to 3.0mm and should not
exceed a maximum thickness of 4.8mm or a minimum of 1.0mm.
The incorporation of hollow ribs, bosses and elevation
changes in the design will allow much intricacy while
still maintaining nominal thickness throughout. Avoiding
thickness changes will eliminate uneven cooling which
could cause shrinkage and warping. When thickness
variation is unavoidable transitions should be gradual and
uniform.
In general, where variations are necessary in a component,
it should be fed from the heavier to the thinner section
(see figure 2 below).
Large weight to surface ratios should definitely be
avoided. In (see figure 3 below), the knob would have had
an unacceptable shrinkage in the molding if molded from
solid, as well as serious thermal cycle problems after
plating.
Ribs are essential to reduce bulk or weight of components
while retaining rigidity and strength. They should be
designed so that they are 50 to 60 per cent of the wall
thickness they are supporting at the point of
intersection. This wall thickness ratio is important to
avoid visible sink marks on the opposite side of the wall
from the rib
(see figure 4 below).
Such shrinkage is made strikingly obvious after plating.
Ribs should also be designed with proper radii at the
intersection to avoid stress with a minimum draft of 1
degree to facilitate easy removal from the mould. The
comments on wall thickness apply equally to bosses or
studs on a molding for the attachment of related
components.
Boss heights should not be more than twice the diameter.
It is possible to design quite intricate systems of
structurally interdependent bosses and ribs that provide
dimensional rigidity and the attachment to related parts
while maintaining wall thickness ratios and reducing both
material needs and molding cycle times.
Unsupported edges may be be strengthened by turning the
edge or 'setting' the linear plane of the wall (see figure
5 below).
Radius is of great importance at both internal and
external intersections and should be as generous as
possible to allow for a good flow of the molding material.
For example, external radii should not be less than 1mm
and internal radii not less than 0.5mm. Molded threads
should be rounded rather than sharp and are not
recommended under 6mm. Mechanical threading or tapping is
not recommended for plastic parts that are to be
electroplated. Recesses should be at least twice as wide
as they are deep.
Finally, feed/gate areas need to be considerably larger
than for normal ABS, and their position is important to
avoid weld lines becoming visible. Other important
parameters are material drying, tool temperatures and
actual melt temperatures, together with injection speeds
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171 4th Ave. Bay Shore, NY
11706
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